Supply, Demand, Institutions, and Firms: A Theory of Labor Market Sorting and the Wage Distribution
American Economic Review · 2025 · [{"name": "Daniel Haanwinckel", "affiliation": ["UCLA Medical Center"]}]
中文摘要
本文考察劳动力构成、劳动需求和最低工资如何通过影响工人-任务分配、企业工资溢价及企业-工人匹配，共同决定工资。基于一个估计的买方垄断地方劳动力市场模型，本文发现，最低工资上调和劳动需求冲击推动了1998年至2012年巴西工资不平等的下降。虽然教育程度提高压缩了企业内部的技能溢价，但它也将技能工人重新配置到高工资企业，从而限制了该冲击对不平等的影响。分析强调了外生因素之间的相互作用，表明供给和需求的同期变化削弱了最低工资的影响。(JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, J38, J42, R23)
Abstract
This paper examines how workforce composition, labor demand, and minimum wage jointly determine wages through their effects on worker-task assignments, firm wage premiums, and firm-worker sorting. Using an estimated model of monopsonistic local labor markets, it finds that minimum wage hikes and labor demand shocks drove the decline in Brazilian wage inequality from 1998 to 2012. While rising educational attainment compressed skill premiums within firms, it also reallocated skilled workers to high-wage firms, limiting that shock’s effect on inequality. The analysis highlights interactions among exogenous factors, showing that concurrent supply and demand changes attenuated minimum wage impacts. (JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, J38, J42, R23)