进入壁垒与中国区域经济增长
Barriers to Entry and Regional Economic Growth in China
Review of Economic Studies · 2025 · [{"name": "Loren Brandt", "affiliation": ["University of Toronto"]}, {"name": "Gueorgui Kambourov", "affiliation": ["University of Toronto"]}, {"name": "Kjetil Storesletten", "affiliation": ["University of Minnesota"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 中国各地区制造业劳动生产率存在显著差异。然而，我们发现，1995 年后非国有企业的生产率、工资和初创率仍经历了快速的无条件地区收敛。为分析这些模式，我们构建了一个纳入地区特定资本楔子、产出楔子和进入壁垒的 Hopenhayn 模型。利用中国工业普查数据，我们估计了这些楔子，并考察其在解释地级市之间绩效和增长差异中的作用。进入壁垒解释了大部分差异。我们考察了这些进入壁垒的实证协变量，发现壁垒变化与国有部门规模变化存在因果关系：国有部门规模较小会导致更低的进入壁垒。
Abstract
Abstract Labour productivity in manufacturing differs starkly across regions in China. We document that productivity, wages, and start-up rates of non-state firms have nevertheless experienced rapid unconditional regional convergence after 1995. To analyse these patterns, we construct a Hopenhayn model that incorporates location-specific capital wedges, output wedges, and entry barriers. Using Chinese Industry Census data, we estimate these wedges and examine their role in explaining differences in performance and growth across prefectures. Entry barriers explain most of the differences. We investigate the empirical covariates of these entry barriers and find that changes in barriers are causally related to changes in the size of the state sector: a smaller state sector leads to lower entry barriers.