校园创伤：校园枪击对学生人力资本和经济结果的影响
Trauma at School: The Impacts of Shootings on Students’ Human Capital and Economic Outcomes
Review of Economic Studies · 2025 · [{"name": "Marika Cabral", "affiliation": ["The University of Texas at Austin"]}, {"name": "Bokyung Kim", "affiliation": ["University of Connecticut"]}, {"name": "Maya Rossin‐Slater", "affiliation": ["Stanford University"]}, {"name": "Molly Schnell", "affiliation": ["Northwestern University"]}, {"name": "Hannes Schwandt", "affiliation": ["Northwestern University"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 我们考察校园枪击事件——美国日益常见的一种枪支暴力形式——如何影响学生的教育和经济轨迹。利用1992年至2018年德克萨斯州关联的学校教育与劳动力市场数据，我们比较了枪击事件发生后学生个体内部及不同队列之间结果的变化，并将其与匹配对照学校学生所经历的变化进行对比。我们发现，校园枪击事件增加了缺勤和留级情况，降低了高中毕业率、大学入学率和大学完成率；并降低了24至26岁时的就业率和收入。我们进一步发现，枪击事件发生后的数年间，学校层面的领导人员数量有所增加，而教师和教学支持人员的留任率有所下降。枪击事件的不利影响存在于各类学生特征之中，表明校园枪击事件的经济成本具有普遍性。
Abstract
Abstract We examine how shootings at schools—an increasingly common form of gun violence in the States—impact the educational and economic trajectories of students. Using linked schooling and labor market data in Texas from 1992 to 2018, we compare within-student and across-cohort changes in outcomes following a shooting to those experienced by students at matched control schools. We find that school shootings increase absenteeism and grade repetition, reduce high school graduation, college enrollment, and college completion; and reduce employment and earnings at ages 24–26 years. We further find school-level increases in the number of leadership staff and reductions in retention among teachers and teaching support staff in the years following a shooting. The adverse impacts of shootings span student characteristics, suggesting that the economic costs of school shootings are universal.