中文摘要
本文研究移民执法如何塑造混合身份家庭内部的安全网项目参与。我考察了针对无证移民的就业型移民执法政策 E-Verify 强制令颁布后, 与面临遣返风险的个人共同生活的西班牙裔公民的项目参与反应。利用双重差分框架, 我发现 E-Verify 强制令降低了家庭收入。项目参与反应因项目而异——医疗补助 (Medicaid)、补充营养援助项目 (SNAP) 与补充保障收入 (SSI)。SSI 参与率短暂上升, SNAP 参与保持稳定, 而 Medicaid 参与则急剧下降。Medicaid 参与的下降在家庭成员面临更高遣返风险的群体中更为明显, 这与寒蝉效应抑制项目领取的解释相一致。
Abstract
This paper studies how immigration enforcement shapes participation in safety net programs within mixed-status households. I examine the program participation responses of Hispanic citizens living with individuals facing deportation risk following the enactment of E-Verify mandates, an employment-based immigration enforcement policy targeting undocumented immigrants. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I find that E-Verify mandates reduced household income. Participation responses differ across programs—Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). While SSI participation temporarily increased and SNAP participation remained stable, Medicaid participation declined sharply. The decline in Medicaid participation is more pronounced among groups whose household members face higher deportation risk, consistent with chilling effects limiting program take-up.