给我看钱！电动汽车充电时序的实地实验
Show Me the Money! A Field Experiment on Electric Vehicle Charge Timing
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Megan R. Bailey", "affiliation": ["University of Calgary"]}, {"name": "David P. Brown", "affiliation": ["University of Alberta"]}, {"name": "Blake Shaffer", "affiliation": ["University of Calgary"]}, {"name": "Frank A. Wolak", "affiliation": ["Stanford University"]}]
中文摘要
我们利用一项实地实验，检验财务激励在改变电动汽车（EV）充电时点方面的有效性。电动汽车车主对财务激励反应强烈，通过将充电转移至非高峰时段，使高峰时段充电量减少了49%。相比之下，一项亲社会信息处理没有产生可辨识的影响。当财务激励被取消后，充电时点又恢复到干预前的行为模式，这进一步强化了“金钱很重要”这一结论。我们的研究结果凸显了电动汽车充电相较于其他形式电力需求所具有的显著灵活性。这种灵活性有潜力大幅降低未来因交通运输部门快速脱碳而产生的电力系统成本。（JEL C93, D12, D91, L92, L94, Q48）
Abstract
We use a field experiment to measure the effectiveness of financial incentives to shift the timing of electric vehicle (EV) charging. EV owners respond strongly to financial incentives, reducing charging during peak hours by 49 percent by shifting to off-peak hours. In contrast, a prosocial information treatment has no discernible effect. When financial incentives are removed, charge timing reverts to pre-intervention behavior, reinforcing that “money matters.” Our findings highlight the substantial flexibility of EV charging compared to other forms of electricity demand. Such flexibility has the potential to greatly reduce future electric system costs arising from a rapidly decarbonizing transportation sector. (JEL C93, D12, D91, L92, L94, Q48)