自由贸易与环境政策形成：来自美国立法投票的证据
Free Trade and the Formation of Environmental Policy: Evidence from US Legislative Votes
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Jevan Cherniwchan", "affiliation": ["McMaster University"]}, {"name": "Nouri Najjar", "affiliation": ["Western University"]}]
中文摘要
我们通过研究1990年至2000年间北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）对美国众议院环境政策形成的影响，检验政府是否会因应贸易而调整环境政策这一假说。我们发现，美国关税的降低减少了对环境立法的政治支持。这一下降似乎源于：（i）现任共和党议员因贸易引致的选民政策偏好变化而减少支持；以及（ii）协定签署后，受影响选区中支持NAFTA的民主党人所获选举支持下降，从而导致党派代表结构发生变化。(JEL D72, F13, F15, F18, Q56, Q58)
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that governments alter environmental policy in response to trade by studying NAFTA’s effects on the formation of environmental policy in the US House of Representatives between 1990 and 2000. We find that reductions in US tariffs decreased political support for environmental legislation. This decrease appears to be due to (i) a reduction in support by incumbent Republican legislators in response to trade-induced changes in the policy preferences of their constituents and (ii) changes in partisan representation in affected districts due to decreased electoral support for pro-NAFTA Democrats following the agreement. (JEL D72, F13, F15, F18, Q56, Q58)