失业期间的技能折旧：来自面板数据的证据
Skill Depreciation during Unemployment: Evidence from Panel Data†
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Jonathan D. Cohen", "affiliation": ["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]}, {"name": "Andrew C. Johnston", "affiliation": ["University of California, Merced"]}, {"name": "Attila Lindner", "affiliation": ["University College London"]}]
中文摘要
我们使用与行政数据相关联的技能测量面板，考察德国失业工人的技能折旧。再就业风险率与再就业收入均随失业持续时间的延长而稳步下降。抑郁和孤独感指标也大幅上升。然而，我们发现，在工人仍处于失业状态期间，广泛的认知与非认知技能并未出现下降。我们在美国工人面板数据中也发现了相同的模式。这些结果意味着，一般人力资本中的技能折旧不太可能是解释再就业结果中所观察到的持续时间依赖性的主要原因。（JEL E24, E32, J22, J24, J31, J64）
Abstract
We examine the depreciation of skills among unemployed German workers using a panel of skill measures linked to administrative data. Both the reemployment hazard and reemployment earnings steadily decline with unemployment duration. Indicators of depression and loneliness also rise substantially. However, we find no decline in a wide range of cognitive and noncognitive skills while workers remain unemployed. We find the same pattern in a panel of American workers. The results imply that skill depreciation in general human capital is unlikely to be a major explanation for observed duration dependence in reemployment outcomes. (JEL E24, E32, J22, J24, J31, J64)