公共池地下水资源中气候适应的外部性
Externalities of climate adaptation in common-pool groundwater resources
Journal of Public Economics · 2026 · [{"name": "Jeffrey Hadachek", "affiliation": ["University of Wisconsin–Madison"]}, {"name": "Ellen Bruno", "affiliation": ["University of California, Berkeley"]}, {"name": "Nick Hagerty", "affiliation": ["Montana State University"]}, {"name": "Katrina Jessoe", "affiliation": ["University of California, Davis"]}]
中文摘要
对环境变化的适应可能加剧公共池塘自然资源中既有的外部性。我们记录了这样一个案例：加利福尼亚州的农民通过抽取更多地下水来应对高温和干旱，导致地下水位下降，并损害了附近居民获取饮用水的机会。利用年度变异，我们表明地表水稀缺和高温会增加农业水井建设、地下水枯竭和家用水井失效，且水井建设是造成后两者效应的重要原因。在我们的研究情境中，适应还加剧了不平等：低收入和拉丁裔社区占家用水井失效效应的大部分。
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental change can exacerbate existing externalities in common-pool natural resources. We document one such case: Farmers in California respond to heat and drought by extracting more groundwater, lowering the water table, and harming access to drinking water for nearby residents. Using yearly variation we show that surface water scarcity and heat increase agricultural well construction, groundwater depletion, and domestic well failures, and that well construction accounts for a large share of the latter effects. In our setting, adaptation also exacerbates inequality: low-income and Latino communities account for most of the effects on domestic well failures.