职业许可与劳动力市场流动性

Journal of Labor Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Morris M. Kleiner", "affiliation": ["University of Minnesota", "National Bureau of Economic Research", "George Washington University", "Queen's University"]}, {"name": "Ming Xu", "affiliation": ["University of Minnesota", "National Bureau of Economic Research", "George Washington University", "Queen's University"]}]

中文摘要

我们表明，职业许可对劳动力市场流动性（定义为跨职业流动）具有显著的负向影响，对工资增长具有正向影响。我们发现，职业许可对非就业劳动者和在职劳动者均构成进入壁垒，该效应对在职劳动者比对从非就业状态进入的劳动者更为突出。我们还发现，持证劳动者的平均工资增长高于未持证劳动者。我们发现，不同职业群体之间的许可效应存在显著异质性。这些结果在不同的数据来源、时间跨度和持证指标下均成立。

Abstract

We show that occupational licensing has significant negative effects on labor market fluidity, defined as cross-occupation mobility, and positive effects on wage growth. We find that occupational licensing represents a barrier to entry for both nonemployed workers and employed ones. The effect is more prominent for employed workers than those entering from nonemployment. We also find that average wage growth is higher for licensed workers than nonlicensed workers. We find significant heterogeneity in the licensing effect across different occupation groups. These results hold across various data sources, time spans, and indicators of being licensed.