吉姆·克劳南方的黑人经济进步：来自罗森瓦尔德学校的证据

中文摘要

本文研究罗森瓦尔德学校计划（Rosenwald Schools Initiative）——一项20世纪初南方地区的学校建设项目——对劳动力市场的影响。利用一个将社会保障记录与人口普查记录相链接的新样本，我们发现，接触罗森瓦尔德学校提高了黑人女性在1940年的劳动参与率和职业地位；然而，我们几乎找不到证据表明黑人男性的职业地位显著改善。黑人在其代表性不足的职业中未见明显收益，而他们所获得的收益集中在其常见职业中。这表明，1940年前后黑人职业晋升的空间有限。

Abstract

This paper studies the labor market impact of the Rosenwald Schools Initiative, a school construction program in the early twentieth-century South. Using a new sample linking Social Security and census records, we find that exposure to Rosenwald schools raised Black women’s labor force participation and occupational standing in 1940; however, we find little evidence that Black men’s occupational standing significantly improved. Blacks made no discernible gains in jobs where they were underrepresented, while the gains they achieved were concentrated in jobs where they were commonly found. This suggests that the scope for Black occupational advancement was limited around 1940.