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负债之中:透支、发薪日贷款与银行服务不足人群

In the Red: Overdrafts, Payday Lending, and the Underbanked
The Journal of Finance · 2025 · Marco Di Maggio、Angela Ma、EMILY WILLIAMS

中文摘要

将交易按"从高到低"顺序重新排序是一种有争议的银行做法,被认为会使低收入客户在透支账户上支付的费用最大化。我们利用了一系列强制某些银行停止这一做法的集体诉讼。基于替代性征信机构数据,我们发现,在银行停止"从高到低"排序之后,低收入个人减少发薪日借款、增加消费,财务健康状况实现长期改善,并能够在传统金融体系中获得成本更低的贷款。这些发现表明,激进的银行做法可能会催生对替代性金融服务的需求,并凸显了传统金融体系与替代性金融体系之间的重要联系。

Abstract

The reordering of transactions from “high‐to‐low” is a controversial bank practice thought to maximize fees paid by low‐income customers on overdrawn accounts. We exploit a series of class‐action lawsuits that mandated that some banks cease the practice. Using alternative credit bureau data, we find that after banks cease high‐to‐low reordering, low‐income individuals reduce payday borrowing, increase consumption, realize long‐term improvements in financial health, and gain access to lower‐cost loans in the traditional financial system. These findings suggest that aggressive bank practices can create demand for alternative financial services and highlight an important link between the traditional and alternative financial systems.
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