Journal of International Economics · 2025 · Jaerim Choi、Jay Hyun、Gueyon Kim、Ziho Park
中文摘要
我们研究离岸外包在理解贸易自由化的长期环境效应与美国制造业清洁化中所起的作用。利用企业层面的污染排放与经营活动数据,以及 21 世纪初美国对华贸易政策的一次变化,我们发现美国企业在贸易政策不确定性下降后减少了有毒排放。减排主要由污染排放强度的下降所驱动。我们提供了突出离岸外包作用的全面证据:美国制造商——尤其是污染物排放强度高的制造商——在该事件之后增加了海外采购,并在中国设立了更多子公司。
Abstract
We study the role of offshoring in understanding long-run environmental impacts of trade liberalization and the cleanup of US manufacturing. Leveraging establishment-level pollution emissions and business activity data and a change in US trade policy toward China in the early 2000s, we show that US establishments decrease toxic emissions in response to a reduction in trade policy uncertainty. Emission abatement is mainly driven by a decline in pollution emission intensity. We provide comprehensive evidence that highlights the role of offshoring: US manufacturers, especially those that emit pollutants intensely, source from abroad and establish more subsidiaries in China following the event.