进口处理成本与贸易成本

中文摘要

我们基于进口所需时间来估计进口处理成本。为此，我们首先构建一个理论模型，将现有的时间成本测度加以拓展，以考虑进口处理中的不确定性。其次，我们使用关于进口处理日期与进口价值的详细、高度细分化数据，给出与理论相一致的处理成本估计。这些证据表明，我们对时间成本估计的拓展在决定处理成本方面具有经济相关性。根据我们的估计，进口处理成本的关税等价物高达18%。世界贸易组织的估计表明，2013年《贸易便利化协定》的全面实施将使贸易所需时间减少1.5天。在此情形下，处理成本将降至13%。

Abstract

We estimate import processing costs based on the time it takes to import. To do so, we first develop a theoretical model that extends existing time-cost measures to account for uncertainty in import processing. Second, we use detailed, highly disaggregated data on import processing dates and import values to provide estimates of processing costs that are consistent with the theory. This evidence indicates that our extensions to time-cost estimates are economically relevant to determining processing costs. According to our estimates, the tariff equivalent import processing cost is as high as 18 percent. WTO estimates suggest that the full implementation of the 2013 Trade Facilitation Agreement would reduce the time to trade by 1.5 days. In that case, processing costs would decrease to 13 percent.