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论自愿贡献博弈中一种提高效率并降低不平等的机制

On a mechanism that improves efficiency and reduces inequality in voluntary contribution games
Games and Economic Behavior · 2025 · Falvey, Rod、Lane, Tom、Luckraz, Shravan

中文摘要

我们在异质性禀赋的一般假设下考察一类线性自愿贡献博弈。在此框架下, 我们对加尔布雷思机制 (GM) 进行了推广, 并从理论和实验两方面评估其相对于固定平均分配方案的表现。我们得到三项主要实证结果。第一, GM 使平均贡献水平显著高于平均份额分配下的水平。第二, GM 在提高效率的同时降低了收入不平等。第三, 参与者的贡献与分配行为对其在禀赋分布中所处位置十分敏感。在全部决策中, 个体在富裕时始终更看重绝对贡献水平, 而在贫穷时则更看重贡献比率 (贡献相对于禀赋的比例)。

Abstract

We consider the class of linear voluntary contribution games under the general assumption of heterogeneous endowments. In this context, we generalize the Galbraith Mechanism (GM) and assess its performance relative to a fixed equal sharing allocation in both theory and experiments. Three main empirical results emerge. First, the GM raises average contributions significantly above those under an equal-shares allocation. Second, the GM simultaneously reduces income inequality as it improves efficiency. Third, a player's contribution and allocation behavior is sensitive to her position in the endowment distribution. In all their decision-making, agents consistently place greater emphasis on absolute contribution levels when they are rich, and on contribution ratios (contributions relative to endowments) when they are poor.
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