中文摘要
本文利用来自一家全球领先自由职业平台的大型数据集，研究生成式人工智能（AI）技术对在线自由职业者需求的影响。我们识别出更易受生成式AI影响的职业类型，并量化异质性影响的幅度。我们的发现表明，在ChatGPT推出后的八个月内，与需要人工密集型技能的岗位相比，与写作和编程相关的易自动化岗位的职位发布数量下降了21%。我们表明，职位发布数量的减少加剧了自由职业者之间的竞争，而剩余的易自动化岗位复杂度更高且提供更高报酬。我们还发现，图像生成AI技术的引入使与图像创作相关的职位发布数量下降了17%。我们使用Google Trends表明，易自动化岗位中自由职业者需求更明显的下降与其对ChatGPT可替代性的更高公众认知相关。
Abstract
This paper studies the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the demand for online freelancers using a large data set from a leading global freelancing platform. We identify the types of jobs that are more affected by generative AI and quantify the magnitude of the heterogeneous impact. Our findings indicate a 21% decrease in the number of job posts for automation-prone jobs related to writing and coding compared with jobs requiring manual-intensive skills within eight months after the introduction of ChatGPT. We show that the reduction in the number of job posts increases competition among freelancers, whereas the remaining automation-prone jobs are of greater complexity and offer higher pay. We also find that the introduction of image-generating AI technologies led to a 17% decrease in the number of job posts related to image creation. We use Google Trends to show that the more pronounced decline in the demand for freelancers within automation-prone jobs correlates with their higher public awareness of ChatGPT’s substitutability.