中文摘要
人们往往没有意识到,自己的个人数据可以成为二级数据市场中经济活动的宝贵投入要素。然而,个人数据的二级市场变现是否决定隐私偏好,仍不清楚。本文考察隐私决策是否受数据接收方通过与第三方交易个人数据而获利的能力所驱动。本文实施了一项大型在线实验室实验,涉及可识别个人身份的心理测量数据,并带有真实的数据分享后果与货币收益。研究发现,当数据接收方通过二级交易变现数据的能力较为凸显时,个体会降低其数据分享意愿——这既体现在其参与数据市场的可能性上,也体现在其为参与该市场而索要的价格上。通过所选用的价格引出机制,排除了个体基于对接收方交易所得的更新信念而作出策略性反应的可能。研究发现,数据暴露的增加(面向更多接收方)并不能解释二级变现所带来的显著显示性负效用。在控制数据接收方与第三方之间的风险暴露差异后,上述发现依然稳健。
Abstract
People are often unaware that their personal data can serve as valuable inputs for economic activities in secondary data markets. However, whether secondary monetization of personal data determines privacy preferences remains unclear. I examine whether privacy decisions are motivated by the data recipient’s ability to benefit from trading individuals’ data with a third party. A large online laboratory experiment involving personally identifiable psychometric data is implemented with real data-sharing consequences and monetary benefits. I find that individuals decrease their willingness to share data—both in terms of their likelihood of participating in the data market and the prices demanded for such participation—when the recipient’s ability to monetize the data through secondary trade is salient. Strategic responses to updated beliefs about the recipient’s gain from the trade are ruled out via the chosen price elicitation. I find that increased data exposure (to more recipients) does not explain the significant revealed disutility from secondary monetization. These findings are also robust to controlling for the risk exposure differences between data recipients and third parties.