中文摘要
早年生育与父母和子女的不利结果相关,可能加剧代际内部与代际之间的不平等。基于结构性性别歧视与健康的研究视角,我们认为系统性的性别不平等是影响早年生育的一个在概念上重要却研究不足的因素。我们利用"青少年向成年纵向研究"(National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health)的调查数据(N = 5,052 名女性受访者,32,595 人年),并将其与州、县和学校特征相合并,考察青少年时期暴露于结构性性别歧视如何塑造早年生育。我们以州和县级的经济、文化与生殖健康指标测量制度领域中的结构性性别歧视。我们还构建了一个测量互动领域中结构性性别歧视的新指标,以捕捉学校同伴之间的性别化期望、权力动态和保守宗教信仰。我们发现,制度性性别歧视与被种族化为黑人的年轻女性更高的早年生育可能性相关,但对被种族化为白人的年轻女性则不然。互动性性别歧视同样是早年生育的显著预测因素,且对青少年尤为突出,因为他们在性别角色的社会线索方面转向同伴。我们的结果凸显了制度性与互动性力量在塑造家庭方面的重要性,并对多布斯案(Dobbs)之后日益两极化的性别氛围提出了疑问。
Abstract
Early childbearing is associated with poor outcomes for parents and children, potentially exacerbating inequality within and across generations. Building on the structural sexism and health perspective, we argue that systemic gender inequality is a conceptually important—and understudied—factor in early childbearing. Using survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 5,052 female respondents and 32,595 person-years) merged to state, county, and school characteristics, we investigate how exposure to structural sexism during adolescence shapes early childbearing. We measure structural sexism in institutional domains with state and county-level measures of economic, cultural, and reproductive health. We also generate a novel measure of structural sexism in interactional domains, capturing gendered expectations, power dynamics, and conservative religious beliefs among school peers. We find that institutional sexism is associated with a higher likelihood of early childbearing among young women racialized as Black, but not among those racialized as White. Interactional sexism is also a significant predictor of early childbearing, and is especially salient for adolescents as they turn to peers for social cues about gender roles. Our results underscore the importance of institutional and interactional forces for shaping families and raise questions about increasingly polarized gender climates post- Dobbs .