电动汽车能促进能源转型吗？来自激励中午充电的现场实验证据
Can electric vehicles aid the renewable transition? Evidence from a field experiment incentivizing midday charging
Journal of Public Economics · 2026 · [{"name": "Andrea La Nauze", "affiliation": ["Deakin University", "The University of Queensland"]}, {"name": "Lana Friesen", "affiliation": ["The University of Queensland"]}, {"name": "Kai Li Lim", "affiliation": ["The University of Queensland"]}, {"name": "Flavio Menezes", "affiliation": ["The University of Queensland"]}, {"name": "Lionel Page", "affiliation": ["The University of Queensland"]}, {"name": "Thara Philip", "affiliation": ["The University of Queensland"]}, {"name": "Jake Whitehead", "affiliation": ["The University of Sydney"]}]
中文摘要
电动汽车是交通脱碳的关键, 但作为"车轮上的电池", 它们也给正在同步向可再生能源转型的电网带来了新的挑战与机遇。在一项对 390 辆电动汽车进行分钟级(逐分钟)追踪的实地实验中, 我们发现, 基于时间的充电激励不仅显著改变了充电的时间, 也显著改变了充电的地点。旨在鼓励在太阳能发电时段增加充电的激励使充电量上升 34%——且主要发生在家庭以外; 旨在减少高峰时段充电的激励使充电量下降 17% 至 27%——且主要发生在家中。参与者对激励表现出多种响应, 包括改变充电的时间与地点、通过减少驾驶来降低充电量, 以及降低电池荷电状态。我们发现, 通勤者以及拥有快速家用充电器的用户在午间的充电响应更强, 并有提示性证据表明通勤者增加了工作场所充电的使用。因此, 电价与充电基础设施需要协同设计, 以应对净零转型所带来的关键性时间与地点失衡。
Abstract
Electric vehicles are key to decarbonizing transportation, but, as batteries-on-wheels, they present novel challenges and opportunities for grids simultaneously transitioning to renewable energy. In a field experiment tracking 390 electric vehicles minute-by-minute, we show that time-based charging incentives dramatically shift not only when vehicles are charged, but also where . Incentives to increase charging during solar energy generation hours lead to a 34% rise in charging—mostly outside the home. Incentives to reduce peak time charging result in 17%—27% lower charging—mostly at home. Participants demonstrate multiple responses to incentives, including shifting time and location of charging, reducing charging by driving less, and lowering their battery state-of-charge. We find stronger midday charging responses for commuters and those with fast home chargers, and suggestive evidence that commuters increase use of workplace charging. Tariffs and charging infrastructure, therefore, need to be designed in tandem to manage the critical time and location imbalances brought about by the net-zero transition.