空间分选与不平等
Spatial Sorting and Inequality
Annual Review of Economics · 2022 · [{"name": "Rebecca Diamond", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research", "Stanford University"]}, {"name": "Cécile Gaubert", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research", "Centre for Economic Policy Research", "University of California, Berkeley"]}]
中文摘要
自1980年以来，美国通勤区之间受过大学教育与未受过大学教育劳动者的空间隔离程度稳步增长。我们总结了有关分选与区位的既有研究，并记录了过去四十年间分选与区位变化的新描述性模式。我们发现，受过大学教育劳动者的分选已发生转变：从1980年主要围绕生产形成的城市，转向2017年围绕消费形成的城市。我们构建了一个空间均衡模型以理解这些模式，并指出了需要进一步研究的关键领域。我们的框架有助于理解空间分选变化的原因与后果、其对不平等的影响，以及这些变化如何回应并反作用于城市性质的演变。
Abstract
The spatial segregation of college-educated and non-college-educated workers between commuting zones in the United States has steadily grown since 1980. We summarize prior work on sorting and location and document new descriptive patterns on how sorting and locations have changed over the past four decades. We find that there has been a shift in the sorting of college-educated workers from cities centered primarily around production in 1980 to cities centered around consumption by 2017. We develop a spatial equilibrium model to understand these patterns and highlight key places where further research is needed. Our framework helps understand the causes and consequences of changes in spatial sorting; their impact on inequality; and how they respond to, and feed into, the changing nature of cities.