了不起的盖茨比曲线
The Great Gatsby Curve
Annual Review of Economics · 2022 · [{"name": "Steven N. Durlauf", "affiliation": ["New Economic School", "University of Chicago"]}, {"name": "Andros Kourtellos", "affiliation": ["University of Cyprus"]}, {"name": "Chih Ming Tan", "affiliation": ["University of North Dakota"]}]
中文摘要
本文综合评述了关于“了不起的盖茨比曲线”的理论与实证研究——该曲线是指横截面收入不平等与收入代际持续性之间的正向实证关系。我们提出了收入动态的统计模型，这些模型机械地生成了不平等与流动性之间的关系。我们发展了五类不同的理论，包括关于家庭投资、技能、社会影响、政治经济学和抱负的模型，每一类理论都提供了一种解释这一关系的行为机制。最后，我们回顾了在一系列情境与社会经济结果中为该曲线提供证据的实证研究，并探讨了关于其作用机制的证据。
Abstract
This paper provides a synthesis of theoretical and empirical work on the Great Gatsby Curve, the positive empirical relationship between cross-sectional income inequality, and persistence of income across generations. We present statistical models of income dynamics that mechanically give rise to the relationship between inequality and mobility. Five distinct classes of theories are developed, including models on family investments, skills, social influences, political economy, and aspirations, each providing a behavioral mechanism to explain the relationship. Finally, we review empirical studies that provide evidence of the curve for a range of contexts and socioeconomic outcomes as well as explore evidence on mechanisms.