中文摘要
经济学家忽视了照护劳动,因为大部分照护劳动是无偿提供的。这种忽视既不公平,在理论上也站不住脚,并且很可能造成误导。对照护劳动进行估值,需要估计所花费的时间以及该时间的重置成本或机会成本。我利用英国工人的生活维持成本——这些成本既涵盖维持生活所需的物质投入,也涵盖将商品转变为生计所需的家务服务——来分离有偿家务劳动的成本。随后,我依据这些市场等价物推算无偿家务劳动的价值,并对未雇佣家仆的家庭进行加总。从历史上看,无偿家务劳动约占总收入的20%,这一贡献表明有必要修正某些标准叙事。
Abstract
Economists ignore caring labor since most is provided unpaid. Disregard is unjust, theoretically indefensible, and probably misleading. Valuation requires estimates of time spent and the replacement or opportunity costs of that time. I use the maintenance costs of British workers, costs which cover both the material inputs into upkeep and the domestic services needed to turn commodities into livings, to isolate the costs of paid domestic labor. I then impute the value of unpaid domestic labor from these market equivalents, and aggregate across households without domestic servants. Historically, unpaid domestic labor represented c. 20 percent of total income, a contribution that suggests the need to revise some standard narratives.