离开飞地：来自工业迁置局（Industrial Removal Office）的移民流动历史证据

中文摘要

1900年至1922年间，工业迁置局（Industrial Removal Office）资助39,000户犹太家庭离开纽约市的飞地街区。与具有相同基期职业的邻居相比，项目参与者在搬迁十年后收入高出4%。这些收益延续到了下一代。在飞地之外居住的年数越多，收益越大。参与者更可能讲英语，且其配偶的名字犹太色彩较低。犹太认同更强（以其本人姓名衡量）的男性更可能返回纽约市。我们结合关于犹太人经济与文化同化的新的全国性证据，为上述结果提供了背景。

Abstract

The Industrial Removal Office funded 39,000 Jewish households to leave enclave neighborhoods in New York City from 1900 to 1922. Compared to neighbors with the same baseline occupation, program participants earned 4 percent more ten years after relocation. These gains persisted to the next generation. Benefits increased with more years spent outside of an enclave. Participants were more likely to speak English, and married spouses with less Jewish names. More Jewishly-identified men (as measured by own names) were more likely to return to the city. We contextualize these results with new national evidence on Jewish economic and cultural assimilation.