教育何去何从？统一前学校体系对意大利自由时代（1861—1911）的长期影响

中文摘要

本文为关于大众教育扩张的决定因素与教育制度长期遗产的文献作出贡献。基于1861—1911年期间意大利新的省级数据集，我们认为，统一前各不同政体所采用的学校教育供给模式影响了直至一战前各大区的小学教育组织。其结果是，在给定入学率的情况下，教育机会以及产生识字能力的能力存在显著差异：北部地区致力于扩大全民教育，而中部和南部则实施了一种更为精英化的模式。

Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of the expansion of mass schooling and the long-term legacy of educational institutions. Based on a new provincial-level dataset for Italy in the period 1861–1911, we argue that different models of schooling provision adopted by the different pre-unification polities influenced primary-education organizations across macro-regions up to WWI. As a result, school access and the capability to generate literacy given current rates of enrollment differed substantially, with the Northern regions aiming to increase schooling for all, while the Center and the South implemented a more elitist model.