健康信息与通信技术对临床质量、生产率和工人的影响
The Impact of Health Information and Communication Technology on Clinical Quality, Productivity, and Workers
Annual Review of Economics · 2022 · [{"name": "Ari Bronsoler", "affiliation": ["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]}, {"name": "Joseph Doyle", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]}, {"name": "John Van Reenen", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "London School of Economics and Political Science"]}]
中文摘要
过去二十年，健康信息与通信技术（HICT）的采用大幅增长。我们综述了有关HICT采用及其对临床结果、生产率和医疗卫生劳动力影响的医学与经济学文献。我们发现，HICT改善了临床结果并降低了医疗卫生成本；然而，(a) 迄今为止这些效应较为温和，(b) 这些效应需要时间才能显现，(c) 其影响存在很大差异。我们需要更多关于HICT对生产率因果效应的证据，以增进我们的分析性理解并指导进一步的采用。直接考察HICT对劳动力市场结果影响的计量经济学研究不多，但现有文献表明，其对就业和收入并无实质性的负面影响。总体而言，尽管医疗卫生在诸多方面具有特殊性，但我们仍惊讶地发现，我们的结论与关于生产率和信息通信技术关系的更广泛研究发现十分相似；后者强调了互补性因素（如管理实践和技能）在决定这些新技术影响中的重要性。
Abstract
The adoption of health information and communication technology (HICT) has surged over the past two decades. We survey the medical and economic literature on HICT adoption and its impact on clinical outcomes, productivity, and the health care workforce. We find that HICT improves clinical outcomes and lowers health care costs; however, ( a) the effects are modest so far, ( b) it takes time for these effects to materialize, and ( c) there is much variation in the impact. More evidence on the causal effects of HICT on productivity is needed to improve our analytical understanding and to guide further adoption. There is little econometric work directly investigating the impact of HICT on labor market outcomes, but the existing literature suggests that there are no substantial negative effects on employment and earnings. Overall, although health care is in many ways exceptional, we are struck by the similarities of our conclusions to the wider findingson the relationship between productivity and information and communication technologies, which stress the importance of complementary factors (e.g., management practices and skills) in determining the impact of these new technologies.