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GLP-1 诱导的体重减轻与女性肥胖惩罚

GLP-1–Induced Weight Loss and the Female Obesity Penalty
NBER Working Papers · 2026 · Rebecca Diamond

中文摘要

GLP-1 药物可带来大幅体重减轻,并可能同时改变社会和经济结果。利用 Understanding America Study 数据,本文将为减重而开始使用 GLP-1 的女性,与希望开始使用 GLP-1 但尚未使用的匹配女性进行比较。六个或更多季度后,单身女性的结婚/同居率上升 29 个百分点,基期未就业女性的就业率上升 27 个百分点。既有伴侣关系并未解体,已就业女性也未表现出向上的职业流动。这一模式提示,女性肥胖惩罚的一部分发生在新匹配形成阶段,而不仅仅是通过健康或在位生产率渠道发挥作用。

Abstract

GLP-1 medications generate large weight loss and may also alter social and economic outcomes. Using the Understanding America Study, I compare women starting GLP-1s for weight loss with matched women who would like to start a GLP-1 but have not. Single women’s marriage/cohabitation rates rise by 29 percentage points and employment among baseline non-employed women rises 27 percentage points after six or more quarters. Existing partnerships do not dissolve, and already-employed women show no upward job mobility. The pattern suggests that part of the female obesity penalty operates at new-match formation rather than only through health or incumbent productivity.
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