评价中的性别标准差距：感知意图与结果的作用

中文摘要

我们考察当结果由不可观测的选择与运气决定时，评价男性与女性领导者是否采用不同的标准。评价者会形成关于领导者选择的信念（感知意图），并做出自主决定的支付。我们发现，对男性领导者的支付由结果和感知意图共同决定，而对女性领导者的支付仅由结果决定。我们将这一新的性别偏误来源称为性别标准差距。我们的发现意味着，女性必须取得高结果才能获得奖金，而男性即使结果较低，只要评价者对其评价较高，也能获得奖金。

Abstract

ABSTRACT We investigate whether different criteria are used in evaluating male and female leaders when outcomes are determined by unobservable choices and luck. Evaluators form beliefs about leaders’ choices (perceived intentions) and make discretionary payments. We find that while payments to male leaders are determined by both outcomes and perceived intentions, those to female leaders are determined by outcomes only. We label this new source of gender bias as the gender criteria gap . Our findings imply that high outcomes are necessary for women to get bonuses, but men can receive bonuses for low outcomes if evaluators hold them in high regard.