被遣离：贫民窟清除政策下的搬迁、社区与儿童结果
Sent Away: Displacement, Neighborhoods, and Children’s Outcomes under Slum Clearance Policies
NBER Working Papers · 2026 · [{"name": "Fernanda Rojas-Ampuero", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Felipe Carrera", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
我们考察了两种针对城市贫民窟的政策——搬迁安置与原地重建——对儿童未来结果的影响差异。我们利用智利1979年至1984年间一项贫民窟清理计划的证据：其中三分之二的贫民窟家庭被搬迁至城市外围的住房项目，三分之一则通过原址重建获得住房。我们发现，政策实施40年后，与未被搬迁的儿童相比，被搬迁儿童的受教育年限减少0.62年，收入低10.2%，劳动非正规性更高，且居住在贫困程度更高的地区。搬迁至机会更少的地区以及社会网络的破坏，解释了这一负向的搬迁效应。
Abstract
We examine the difference between two policies that target urban slums, relocation versus redevelopment on-site, on children’s future outcomes. We use evidence from a slum clearance program in Chile between 1979 and 1984, where two-thirds of slum-dwelling families were relocated to housing projects on the city’s periphery, and one-third received housing through on-site redevelopment at their original locations. We find that 40 years post-policy, displaced children receive 0.62 fewer years of schooling, earn 10.2% less, experience higher labor informality, and live in higher poverty areas compared to non-displaced children. Relocation to lower-opportunity areas and disruption of social networks explain the negative displacement effects.