中文摘要
本文度量绿带的经济效应。绿带禁止在预先划定的城市边缘之外进行新建,因而充当城市增长边界。本文聚焦于英格兰,那里13%的土地被划为绿带。本文提供了简化式证据,并估计了一个包含宜居性、住房供给、交通拥堵外部性、集聚力量、生产率与家庭区位选择的量化均衡模型。绿带政策产生了正的宜居性效应,但也大幅减少了住房供给。我发现绿带能够增进福利,因为宜居性效应足够强。然而与此同时,绿带通过限制住房供给降低了住房可负担性。
Abstract
I measure the economic effects of greenbelts that prohibit new construction beyond a predefined urban fringe and therefore act as urban growth boundaries. I focus on England, where 13% of the land is designated as greenbelt land. I provide reduced-form evidence and estimate a quantitative equilibrium model that includes amenities, housing supply, a traffic congestion externality, agglomeration forces, productivity and household location choices. Greenbelt policy generates positive amenity effects, but also strongly reduces housing supply. I find that greenbelts increase welfare because amenity effects are sufficiently strong. At the same time, however, greenbelts decrease housing affordability by limiting housing supply.