交换条件、知识溢出与产业质量升级：来自中国汽车工业的证据
Quid Pro Quo, Knowledge Spillovers, and Industrial Quality Upgrading: Evidence from the Chinese Auto Industry
American Economic Review · 2025 · [{"name": "Jie Bai", "affiliation": ["Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center"]}, {"name": "Panle Jia Barwick", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research"]}, {"name": "Shengmao Cao", "affiliation": ["Kellogg's (Canada)"]}, {"name": "Shanjun Li", "affiliation": ["Stanford University"]}]
中文摘要
本文研究了“以市场换技术”（以技术换取市场准入）在促进中国汽车产业知识溢出与质量升级方面的作用。识别策略利用了丰富质量维度上的产品内质量差异。我们发现，具有所有权关联的本土汽车制造商所采用的质量优势与其合资伙伴更为相似，这与知识溢出效应一致。进一步分析表明，工人流动与供应商网络是知识溢出的中介渠道。相对于无关联的本土车型，“以市场换技术”机制下由所有权关联带来的知识溢出，贡献了2001年至2014年间关联本土车型所经历质量改善的8.3%。(JEL F23, L15, L24, L62, O14, O33, P23)
Abstract
This paper studies the impact of quid pro quo (technology for market access) in facilitating knowledge spillovers and quality upgrading in the Chinese automobile industry. The identification strategy exploits within-product quality variation across a rich set of quality dimensions. We find affiliated domestic automakers adopt more similar quality strengths of their joint venture partners, consistent with knowledge spillovers. Additional analysis suggests worker flows and supplier networks mediate knowledge spillovers. Knowledge spillovers due to ownership affiliation under quid pro quo contributed 8.3 percent of the quality improvement experienced by affiliated domestic models from 2001 to 2014, relative to nonaffiliated domestic models. (JEL F23, L15, L24, L62, O14, O33, P23)
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