区位选择与内生便利设施：来自阿姆斯特丹的证据
Location Sorting and Endogenous Amenities: Evidence From Amsterdam
Econometrica · 2025 · [{"name": "Milena Almagro", "affiliation": ["University of Chicago"]}, {"name": "Tomás Domínguez-Iino", "affiliation": ["University of Chicago"]}]
中文摘要
本文表明，便利设施的内生性在决定城市居民福利分布方面起着关键作用。我们构建了一个包含异质性家庭的动态居住选择模型来量化这一机制，其中消费便利设施是非贸易品市场的均衡结果。我们利用荷兰微观数据，并借助阿姆斯特丹游客空间分布的变动作为需求平移变量来估计该模型，发现居民对便利设施的偏好、以及便利设施供给对需求构成变化的响应，均存在显著异质性。这种双向异质性决定了社区间横向差异化的程度、居住分选与不平等程度。最后，我们表明大众旅游的分配效应取决于这种异质性：随着游客住房需求增长推动租金上涨，便利设施偏好与游客最接近的年轻居民因便利设施向其倾斜而获得补偿，而年长居民的损失则被放大。
Abstract
This paper shows the endogeneity of amenities plays a crucial role in determining the welfare distribution of a city's residents. We quantify this mechanism by building a dynamic model of residential choice with heterogeneous households, where consumption amenities are the equilibrium outcome of a market for non‐tradables. We estimate our model using Dutch microdata and leveraging variation in Amsterdam's spatial distribution of tourists as a demand shifter, finding significant heterogeneity in residents' preferences over amenities and in the supply responses of amenities to changes in demand composition. This two‐way heterogeneity dictates the degree of horizontal differentiation across neighborhoods, residential sorting, and inequality. Finally, we show the distributional effects of mass tourism depend on this heterogeneity: following rent increases due to growing tourist demand for housing, younger residents—whose amenity preferences are closest to tourists—are compensated by amenities tilting in their favor, while the losses of older residents are amplified.