中文摘要
我们展示了一项关于团队多样性的田野实验的结果。为一家非营利组织从事上门走访工作的个人,被随机指派一名队友、一名主管以及一份需走访的个人名单。由此在团队内部形成了水平多样性(队友之间)、垂直多样性(队友与其主管之间)和外部多样性(团队与其走访对象之间)程度的随机变异。我们观察了团队层面的绩效指标,发现水平方向上的族群多样性会降低绩效,垂直多样性往往会提高绩效,而外部多样性没有影响。时间使用数据表明,水平同质的团队以更有效率的方式组织任务,而垂直同质的团队付出的努力较低。
Abstract
We present the results from a field experiment on team diversity. Individuals working as door-to-door canvassers for a non-profit organization were randomly assigned a teammate, a supervisor, and a list of individuals to canvass. This created random variation within teams in the degree of horizontal diversity (between teammates), vertical diversity (between teammates and their supervisor) and external diversity (between teams and the individuals they canvassed). We observe team-level measures of performance and find that horizontal ethnic diversity decreases performance, while vertical diversity often improves performance, and external diversity has no effect. The data on time use suggests that horizontally homogeneous teams organized tasks in a more efficient way, while vertically homogeneous teams exerted lower effort.