Network Externality and Subsidy Structure in Two-Sided Markets: Evidence from Electric Vehicle Incentives
中文摘要
本文利用来自挪威的全新大规模车辆登记数据和双边市场框架,表明不同补贴并非中性,并估计了在网络外部性存在时它们对电动汽车普及的影响。估计结果显示,电动汽车购买与消费者价格补贴和充电站补贴均存在强正相关关系。反事实分析表明,2010年至2015年间,在充电站补贴上每支出一美元所带来的新增电动汽车购买量,是同等金额价格补贴的两倍以上。然而,随着支出规模扩大,这一关系发生逆转,因为充电站补贴的影响衰减得更快。
Abstract
This paper uses new, large-scale vehicle registry data from Norway and a two-sided market framework to show nonneutrality of different subsidies and estimate their impact on electric vehicle adoption when network externalities are present. Estimates suggest a strong positive connection between electric vehicle purchases and both consumer price and charging station subsidies. Counterfactual analyses suggest that between 2010 and 2015, every dollar spent on station subsidies resulted in more than twice as many additional electric vehicle purchases than the same amount spent on price subsidies. However, this relation inverts with increased spending, as station subsidies’ impact tapers off faster.