中文摘要
我们记录了托育成本与大家庭亲属的居住地如何影响美国女性的劳动供给与流动性。女性会在生育事件发生前即刻迁回其家乡所在地, 这表明非正式托育需求可能是促使返乡迁移的动因。居住在父母附近的女性, 其因子女产生的收入惩罚较低。随后, 我们构建了一个劳动供给与迁移模型, 以评估托育补贴的影响。托育补贴提高了美国女性的收入与流动性, 而忽略迁移可能会低估这些政策的福利收益, 尤其是对受过大学教育的女性以及父母居住地便利设施较差的女性而言。
Abstract
ABSTRACT We document how childcare costs and the location of extended family influence the labor supply and mobility of US women. Women return to their home locations immediately before fertility events, suggesting that informal childcare needs may motivate home migration. Women who live near their parents have lower child earnings penalties. We then build a model of labor supply and migration to assess the impacts of childcare subsidies. Childcare subsidies increase earnings and mobility among US women and ignoring migration can understate the welfare benefits of these policies, especially for college‐educated women and those whose parents' locations have poor amenities.