You're the One That I Want! Understanding the Overrepresentation of Women in the Public Sector
中文摘要
公共部门雇用的女性不成比例地多于男性。利用微观数据,我们记录了公共部门与私营部门在就业、转换概率、工作时长和工资方面的性别差异。我们校准了一个搜寻与匹配模型,其中男性和女性决定是否参与劳动市场,以及进入公共部门还是私营部门劳动市场。我们量化了女性向公共部门的选择在多大程度上由以下因素驱动:(i) 更低的性别工资差距、(ii) 更短的工作时长、(iii) 更强的工作保障,或 (iv) 内在偏好。偏好和工资解释了过度代表现象的大部分,且在不同国家和不同教育群体之间存在显著差异。(JEL J16, J22, J23, J31, J41, J45)
Abstract
The public sector hires disproportionally more women than men. Using microdata, we document gender differences in employment, transition probabilities, hours, and wages in the public and private sector. We calibrate a search and matching model where men and women decide whether to participate and whether to enter public or private sector labor markets. We quantify how much of the selection of women into the public sector is driven by (i) lower gender wage gaps, (ii) fewer hours, (iii) greater job security, or (iv) intrinsic preferences. Preferences and wages explain most of the overrepresentation, with significant variations across countries and educational groups. (JEL J16, J22, J23, J31, J41, J45)