Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics · 2025 · Alex J. Hollingsworth、Carl Kitchens、Taylor Jaworski、Ivan Rudik
中文摘要
我们构建了一个包含内生排放、宜居性、贸易与劳动力再配置的定量经济地理模型,以评估美国最主要的空气质量规制——《国家环境空气质量标准》(NAAQS)——的空间影响。我们发现,NAAQS每年带来400亿美元的福利收益;第一最优的排放定价将使这一数字再增加700亿美元;收益集中于少数城市;且宜居性的改善吸引了非制造业工人。排放的大气传输、劳动力再配置与贸易是量化NAAQS成本与收益的水平及其分布的一阶因素。
Abstract
We develop a quantitative economic geography model with endogenous emissions, amenities, trade, and labor reallocation to evaluate the spatial impact of the leading air quality regulation in the United States: the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). We find that the NAAQS generate $40 billion in annual welfare gains, first-best emissions pricing would increase this by an additional $70 billion, gains are concentrated in a small set of cities, and improved amenities attract nonmanufacturing workers. Atmospheric transport of emissions, labor reallocation, and trade are first-order factors for quantifying the level and distribution of both costs and benefits of the NAAQS.