有效的健康援助：来自全球疫苗免疫联盟疫苗项目的证据
Effective Health Aid: Evidence from Gavi’s Vaccine Program
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Gauri Kartini Shastry", "affiliation": ["Wellesley College"]}, {"name": "Daniel L. Tortorice", "affiliation": ["College of the Holy Cross"]}]
中文摘要
全球疫苗免疫联盟（Gavi）自1999年以来已为低收入和中等收入国家的疫苗接种提供超过160亿美元的资金。我们利用各国和各类疫苗在实施时间上的差异，估计这一公共卫生倡议的效果。我们发现，Gavi对某种疫苗的支持使所有疫苗的覆盖率提高了2–5个百分点，使较新疫苗的覆盖率提高了10–20个百分点。我们还发现，Gavi的支持使相关原因导致的儿童死亡率降低了每千例活产1例。我们估计，这些改善共挽救了约150万条生命，每挽救一条生命的成本约为9000美元。(JEL F35, F53, I12, I15, I18, J13, O15)
Abstract
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has provided over US$16 billion in funding for vaccination in low- and middle-income countries since 1999. We exploit differential timing across countries and vaccines to estimate the effects of this public health initiative. We find that Gavi’s support for a vaccine increased coverage rates by 2–5 percentage points across all vaccines and by 10–20 percentage points for newer vaccines. We also find that Gavi’s support reduced child mortality from related causes by 1 child per 1,000 live births. We estimate these improvements saved around 1.5 million lives at a cost of about US$9,000 per life saved. (JEL F35, F53, I12, I15, I18, J13, O15)