儿童保育、劳动供给与商业发展：来自乌干达的实验证据
Childcare, Labor Supply, and Business Development: Experimental Evidence from Uganda
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Kjetil Bjorvatn", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Denise Ferris", "affiliation": ["Uganda Blood Transfusion Service"]}, {"name": "Selim Gulesci", "affiliation": ["Trinity College Dublin"]}, {"name": "Arne Nasgowitz", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Vincent Somville", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Lore Vandewalle", "affiliation": ["Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies", "KU Leuven"]}]
中文摘要
我们随机向三至五岁儿童的母亲提供托育补贴、等额现金补助，或同时提供二者。托育补贴显著提高了单身母亲的劳动供给和收入，凸显了时间约束对她们的重要性。在夫妻家庭中，托育并未影响母亲的劳动力市场结果，而是增加了父亲的受薪就业。在家庭层面，托育带来了更高的收入和消费，并改善了儿童发展。无论家庭结构如何，现金补助均对母亲的劳动供给和收入产生了正向影响，这表明信贷约束对女性商业发展具有普遍重要性。（JEL H24, J13, J16, J22, J31, O12）
Abstract
We randomly offered a childcare subsidy, an equivalent cash grant, or both to mothers of three-to-five-year-old children. The childcare subsidy substantially increased the labor supply and earnings of single mothers, highlighting the importance of time constraints for them. Among couples, childcare did not affect mothers’ labor market outcomes but instead increased fathers’ salaried employment. At the household level, childcare led to higher income and consumption and improved child development. Cash grants positively affected mothers’ labor supply and income irrespective of the household structure, suggesting the general importance of credit constraints for women’s business development. (JEL H24, J13, J16, J22, J31, O12)