了解机会：秘鲁精英学校入学的溢出效应
Learning About Opportunity: Spillovers of Elite School Admissions in Peru
The Economic Journal · 2025 · [{"name": "Ricardo Estrada", "affiliation": ["CAF – Development Bank of Latin America"]}, {"name": "Jérémie Gignoux", "affiliation": ["Paris School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Agustina Hatrick", "affiliation": ["CAF – Development Bank of Latin America"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 我们研究一名年长校友被精英中学录取，如何影响更年轻学生的申请决策和录取结果。我们的研究聚焦于秘鲁全国性高选拔性中学体系的快速扩张。这些学校免收学费，使我们能够在财务障碍极小的背景下考察同伴对教育选择的影响。利用精确断点回归设计，我们的分析表明，一名年长校友的录取会使申请该精英学校体系的更年轻学生人数增加17%，被录取人数增加43%。这一申请方面的效应集中在社会经济地位较低的学生中。我们的证据表明，榜样可以通过帮助高成就、低社会经济地位的青年了解就读精英学校的收益，并评估此类机构是否适合自己，从而缩小社会经济抱负差距。
Abstract
Abstract We study how the admission of an older schoolmate to an elite secondary school influences the application decisions and admission outcomes of younger students. Our study focuses on the rapid expansion of a nationwide system of highly selective secondary schools in Peru. These schools are free of charge, which enables us to investigate the effect of peers on educational choices in a context with minimal financial barriers. Using a sharp regression discontinuity design, our analysis shows that the admission of an older schoolmate increases the number of younger students who apply (by 17%) and are admitted (by 43%) to this elite school system. The effect on applications is concentrated among students with low socio-economic status. Our evidence suggests that role models can reduce the socio-economic aspirations gap by helping high-achieving, low socio-economic status youth to learn about the benefits of attending elite schools and to assess whether such institutions are a good match for them.