重叠的气候政策
Overlapping Climate Policies
The Economic Journal · 2025 · [{"name": "Grischa Perino", "affiliation": ["Universität Hamburg"]}, {"name": "Robert A. Ritz", "affiliation": ["University of Cambridge"]}, {"name": "Arthur van Benthem", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research", "University of Pennsylvania"]}]
中文摘要
世界各国正在推行气候政策，例如煤炭逐步退出、航空税和可再生能源支持。这些政策往往与更广泛的多辖区碳定价体系（如欧盟排放交易体系）重叠。我们建立了一个通用框架，用以研究此类“重叠气候政策”在多大程度上能够有效应对气候变化，这取决于其设计、实施地点与时机。我们发现，有些政策确实具有互补性，而另一些政策则会适得其反，导致总排放量上升。在概念层面，我们的模型涵盖了实践中大多数碳定价体系所采用的市场设计，以及一系列常见的单边气候政策。
Abstract
Abstract Countries around the world are enacting climate policies such as coal phase-outs, aviation taxes and renewable energy support. These policies often overlap with a wider multi-jurisdictional carbon-pricing system like the EU’s Emissions Trading System. We develop a general framework to study how effectively such ‘overlapping climate policies’ can help combat climate change—depending on their design, location and timing. We find that some policies are truly complementary, while others backfire by raising aggregate emissions. At a conceptual level, our model encompasses the market design of most carbon-pricing systems used in practice and a wide range of popular unilateral climate policies.