诱导创新与国际环境协定：来自臭氧制度的证据
Induced Innovation and International Environmental Agreements: Evidence from the Ozone Regime
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2023 · [{"name": "Eugenie Dugoua", "affiliation": ["London School of Economics and Political Science"]}]
中文摘要
摘要：本文重新审视了全球环境合作中为数不多的成功案例之一——《蒙特利尔议定书》及消耗臭氧层物质的逐步淘汰。我表明，该议定书增加了消耗臭氧层物质替代品方面的科学研究与创新，并论证协议确实有助于解决全球公共品问题。这与博弈论的预测——协议仅在参与方成本较低时才会达成——形成对比，也与“替代品当时已现成可得”这一常见说法相悖。我通过探讨诱导创新在环境协议模型中的作用，调和了理论与实证。
Abstract
Abstract This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and argue that agreements can indeed be useful in solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low and with the often-heard narrative that substitutes were readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental agreements.