中文摘要
我们研究多产品垄断者情形下从价税的税负转嫁 (pass-through)。我们刻画了两种机制, 视商品为替代品或互补品而定, 通过这些机制, 对一种商品征收从价税会降低所有商品的价格 (埃奇沃思悖论, Edgeworth's paradox)。我们还发现, 该税可以增加所有商品的供给。因此, 即使相对于社会最优而言商品供给不足, 消费者剩余与福利仍可能增加。我们提供了若干上述结果成立的应用。我们的发现表明, 在多产品环境中, 从量税与从价税对市场结果和福利的影响存在根本差异。
Abstract
ABSTRACT We study the pass‐through of ad valorem taxes with a multiproduct monopolist. We characterize two mechanisms whereby an ad valorem tax on one good reduces all prices (Edgeworth's paradox), depending on the goods being substitutes or complements. We also find that the tax can increase the supply of all goods. Hence, consumer surplus and welfare can increase even when the goods are underprovided compared to the social optimum. We provide several applications where these results hold. Our findings indicate that in a multiproduct setting the effects of unit and ad valorem taxes on market outcomes and welfare are fundamentally different.