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能否抹去犯罪记录的烙印?犯罪记录清除的劳动力市场影响

Can You Erase the Mark of a Criminal Record? Labor Market Impacts of Criminal Record Remediation
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2026 · Amanda Agan、Andrew Garin、Dmitri Koustas、Alexandre Mas、Crystal S. Yang

中文摘要

我们研究清除先前已有的犯罪记录能否改善就业结果。我们估计了犯罪记录清除法律的因果影响——这类法律已被广泛颁布,旨在改善数百万有犯罪记录者的就业机会。我们发现一致的证据:平均而言,清除既有记录并不能改善劳动力市场结果。一个值得注意的例外是通过在线平台参与零工工作,此类平台通常依据求职者的犯罪记录而非其就业历史进行筛选。证据与如下解释相一致:犯罪记录最初给劳动力市场轨迹留下疤痕,而这种影响事后难以消除。

Abstract

We investigate whether removing a previously obtained criminal record improves employment outcomes. We estimate the causal impact of criminal record remediation laws that have been widely enacted with the goal of improving employment opportunities for millions of individuals with records. We find consistent evidence that removing an existing record does not improve labor market outcomes, on average. A notable exception is participation in gig work through online platforms, which often screen workers based on their records but not their employment histories. The evidence is consistent with records initially scarring labor market trajectories in a way that is difficult to undo later.
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