班级排名对小学学习的影响：来自厄瓜多尔的实验证据
The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador
Journal of Labor Economics · 2023 · [{"name": "Pedro Carneiro", "affiliation": ["Institute for Fiscal Studies", "University College London"]}, {"name": "Yyannú Cruz-Aguayo", "affiliation": ["Inter-American Development Bank"]}, {"name": "Francesca Salvati", "affiliation": ["University of Essex", "Institute for Fiscal Studies"]}, {"name": "Norbert Schady", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
我们利用来自厄瓜多尔的一项独特实验，研究了课堂排名对儿童学习的影响。在每所学校内，从幼儿园到六年级的每个年级，学生均被随机分配到课堂。由于（随机的）课堂同伴构成，能力相同的学生可能拥有不同的课堂排名。年级初课堂排名较高的儿童，在该年级结束时的测试成绩显著更高。课堂排名的影响对年龄较小的儿童更大，并随时间推移而增长。更高的课堂排名还改善了执行功能、儿童幸福感，以及教师对学生能力的评价。
Abstract
We study the impact of classroom rank on children’s learning using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and sixth grade. Students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. Children with higher beginning-of-grade classroom rank have significantly higher test scores at the end of that grade. The impact of classroom rank is larger for younger children and grows over time. Higher classroom rank also improves executive function, child happiness, and teacher perceptions of student ability.