永久居留权与难民移民的技能投资

Journal of Labor Economics · 2023 · [{"name": "Jacob Nielsen Arendt", "affiliation": ["Rockwool Foundation", "National College", "University College London"]}, {"name": "Christian Dustmann", "affiliation": ["Rockwool Foundation", "National College", "University College London"]}, {"name": "Hyejin Ku", "affiliation": ["Rockwool Foundation", "National College", "University College London"]}]

中文摘要

我们分析了丹麦的一项移民改革，该改革收紧了难民移民获得永久居留权的资格标准，旨在激励其增强劳动力市场依附并习得本地语言技能。与改革初衷相反，受影响群体的总体就业出现下降，而其平均语言熟练度基本保持不变。这是由一种负向激励效应所致：改革前劳动力市场表现较差的个体减少了劳动供给。我们的研究结果表明，更严格的永久居留规则非但未能激励难民进行技能投资，反而可能降低那些自认无法满足新要求者的努力程度。

Abstract

We analyze an immigration reform in Denmark that tightened refugee immigrants’eligibility criteria for permanent residency to incentivize their labor market attachment and acquisition of local language skills. Contrary to what the reform intended, the overall employment of those affected decreased while their average language proficiency remained largely unchanged. This was caused by a disincentive effect, where individuals with low pre-reform labor market performance reduced their labor supply. Our findings suggest that stricter permanent residency rules, rather than incentivizing refugees’ skill investment, may decrease the efforts of those who believe they cannot meet the new requirements.