吉祥天女的力量
The Power of Lakshmi
Journal of Human Resources · 2023 · [{"name": "Nabaneeta Biswas", "affiliation": ["Marshall University"]}, {"name": "Christopher Cornwell", "affiliation": ["Seirei Christopher University"]}, {"name": "Laura V. Zimmermann", "affiliation": ["Zimmerman Associates (United States)"]}]
中文摘要
全球每年有160万女婴在出生时“缺失”。改善性别比的一种政策工具是有条件现金转移支付，即向对女儿进行投资的父母支付现金，但现有关于其有效性的证据较为稀少。本文采用双重差分框架，评估了印度的有条件现金转移项目——Dhanlakshmi 计划，该计划在不限制生育的情况下强力鼓励女孩出生。Dhanlakshmi 改善了出生性别比，且仅带来生育率的小幅上升。女孩出生效应集中在前两胎，并在项目终止后部分持续存在。免疫接种和教育等出生后结局也有所改善。
Abstract
<h3>Abstract</h3> Worldwide, 1.6 million girls are “missing” at birth every year. One policy tool to improve the sex ratio is a conditional cash transfer that pays parents to invest in daughters, but existing evidence on their effectiveness is sparse. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we evaluate the Dhanlakshmi scheme, an Indian CCT program that strongly encouraged girl births without restricting fertility. Dhanlakshmi improved the sex ratio at birth, with only a small fertility increase. The girl-birth effect was concentrated among the first two parities and partially persisted after the program was discontinued. Post-birth outcomes like immunization and education also improved.