收入-成就差距与成年结果不平等
The Income–Achievement Gap and Adult Outcome Inequality
Journal of Human Resources · 2023 · [{"name": "Eric L. Nielsen", "affiliation": ["Federal Reserve"]}]
中文摘要
本文使用尺度无关方法，为美国优势与劣势青年学业成就差异如何随时间演变这一争论做出贡献。序数方法显示，1980年至1997年间，高收入与低收入家庭青年之间的阅读差距明确缩小，而数学差距的变化并不明确。将这些测试分数锚定到1980年队列的后期人生结果表明，这些成就变化对应于高收入与低收入家庭青年之间现值终身收入收敛30,000至50,000美元，以及高中和大学完成率收敛0.02至0.05。
Abstract
<h3>Abstract</h3> This paper uses scale-independent methods to contribute to the debate about how academic achievement differences between advantaged and disadvantaged youth have changed over time in the United States. Ordinal methods reveal an unambiguous decrease in the reading gap and an ambiguous change in the math gap between youth from high- versus low-income households from 1980 to 1997. Anchoring these test scores to later-life outcomes in the 1980 cohort suggests that these achievement shifts correspond to a convergence of $30,000 - $50,000 in present-value lifetime income and 0.02-0.05 in high school and college completion rates for youth from high- versus low-income households.