保护弱势群体：移民正规化如何减少犯罪并赋予女性权能
Protecting the vulnerable: How migrant regularization reduces crime and empowers women
Journal of Development Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Ana María Ibáñez", "affiliation": ["Inter-American Development Bank"]}, {"name": "Sandra Rozo", "affiliation": ["World Bank Group"]}, {"name": "Dany Bahar", "affiliation": ["Center for Global Development"]}, {"name": "María José Urbina", "affiliation": ["World Bank Group"]}]
中文摘要
本文考察了一项合法化计划的影响，该计划向哥伦比亚超过28.1万名无证委内瑞拉被迫移民授予了临时经济权利。该计划使被迫移民实施的犯罪总体减少，同时也增加了女性移民报告的家庭暴力和性犯罪数量。这些发现表明，赋权以及对地方当局信任度的增强，是驱动女性行为变化的关键机制；而充分证件所促成的有效执法，以及该计划带来的积极收入效应，则降低了移民实施犯罪的一般倾向。
• 哥伦比亚对委内瑞拉移民的合法化增加了犯罪报告。
• 结果由移民女性驱动，尤其体现在性犯罪和家庭犯罪方面。
• 没有证据表明合法化提高了犯罪；总体而言，移民犯罪反而有所下降。
• 我们的解释是：合法身份改善了信任，从而导致更高的犯罪报告。
Abstract
This paper examines the impacts of a regularization program that granted temporary economic rights to over 281,000 undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia. The program resulted in a general reduction in crimes committed by forced migrants, while also increasing the number of domestic abuse and sex crimes female migrants reported. These findings suggest that empowerment and greater trust in local authorities are key mechanisms driving the behavioral changes for females, while proper enforcement facilitated by adequate documentation and the positive income effects of the program reduced the general propensity for migrants to commit crimes. • Regularization of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia increased crime reporting. • Results driven by migrant women, especially sexual and domestic crimes. • No evidence regularization raised crime; overall migrant crime actually declined. • Our interpretation: legal status improved trust, leading to higher crime reporting.