农村养老金、要素再配置与农业生产率：来自中国的证据
Rural pension, factor reallocation and agricultural productivity: Evidence from China
Journal of Development Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Shouhan Dai", "affiliation": ["Zhejiang University"]}, {"name": "Binlei Gong", "affiliation": ["Zhejiang University"]}, {"name": "Peinan Hu", "affiliation": ["Zhejiang University"]}, {"name": "Xiaoyun Wei", "affiliation": ["Zhejiang University"]}]
中文摘要
本研究考察养老金制度如何影响土地再配置和农业生产率。以往研究通常根据家庭中是否有老年成员进行分组，而本文区分了老年人经营的家庭与老年人不经营的家庭。研究结果表明，土地从老年人经营的家庭再配置到年轻人经营的家庭，使农业生产率提高了9.8%。中国农村养老金制度推动老年人经营的家庭迁移外出并将土地租出，同时促进年轻家庭租入土地、扩大经营规模。这些发现为养老金制度如何促进农业要素再配置和生产率提升提供了新的见解。
Abstract
This study examines how pension schemes influence land reallocation and agricultural productivity. While previous research typically groups households based on the presence of elderly members, we distinguish between households where the elderly are operators and those where they are not. Our findings show that land is reallocated from elderly-operated to younger-operated households, leading to a 9.8 % increase in agricultural productivity. The rural pension scheme in China drives migration and land leasing out in elderly-operated households, while facilitating rent-in and scale expansion in younger households. These findings offer new insights into how pension schemes can enhance agricultural factor reallocation and productivity.