司法机构与创新：来自中国知识产权法院改革的证据
Judicial institution and innovation: Evidence from China's intellectual property courts reform
Journal of Development Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Liyang Wan", "affiliation": ["Zhongnan University of Economics and Law"]}, {"name": "Qian Wan", "affiliation": ["Zhongnan University of Economics and Law"]}, {"name": "Zichao Yang", "affiliation": ["Zhongnan University of Economics and Law"]}, {"name": "Ying Zhao", "affiliation": ["Zhongnan University of Economics and Law"]}]
中文摘要
本文考察知识产权司法机构对创新的影响，聚焦于中国知识产权法院（IPCs）改革。我们发现，IPCs改革使城市层面的发明专利数量显著增加22.6%，相当于年均增加215件。值得注意的是，我们排除了专利在区域间和企业集团内部转移的可能性，表明IPCs改革对创新的影响并非区域间的零和博弈。此外，我们发现IPCs改革通过将重点从实用新型和外观设计专利转向发明专利，改变了专利结构；然而，其似乎并未显著提高发明专利质量。机制分析表明，IPCs改革提高了社会对知识产权司法保护的满意度，缩短了知识产权案件的审理时长，并提高了知识产权案件中原告的胜诉率。
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of intellectual property judicial institutions on innovation, focusing on the intellectual property courts (IPCs) reform in China. We find that IPCs reform leads to a significant 22.6 % increase in the number of invention patents at the city level, equating to an average rise of 215 annually. Notably, we rule out the possibility of inter-region and intra-conglomerate transfer of patents, indicating that the effect of the IPCs reform on innovation is not a zero-sum game among regions. Furthermore, we find that the IPCs reform alters the patent structure by shifting the focus from utility and design patents to invention patents; however, it does not appear to significantly improve invention patent quality. Mechanism analyses suggest that the IPCs reform increases social satisfaction with judicial protection of intellectual property, shorter case duration and higher plaintiff winning rates in intellectual property cases.