无钱可烧: 减少秸秆焚烧的生态系统服务付费
Money (Not) to Burn: Payments for Ecosystem Services to Reduce Crop Residue Burning
AER: Insights · 2025 · [{"name": "B. Kelsey Jack", "affiliation": ["University of California, Santa Barbara"]}, {"name": "Seema Jayachandran", "affiliation": ["Princeton University"]}, {"name": "Namrata Kala", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Rohini Pande", "affiliation": ["Yale University"]}]
中文摘要
我们检验生态系统服务付费（PES）能否遏制印度作物秸秆焚烧这一高污染做法。标准PES合同在核实参与者满足亲环境条件（不焚烧而清理田地）后向其支付报酬。我们随机化地将部分款项预先且无条件支付，以应对可能削弱标准合同有效性的流动性约束和农民不信任问题。将部分预付款纳入合同使合规率提高了10个百分点，这一结果得到了基于卫星的焚烧测量数据的证实。每挽救一条生命的成本为3,600至5,400美元。标准PES合同对焚烧行为没有影响。（JEL D86, O13, Q12, Q15, Q18, Q53, Q58）
Abstract
We test whether payments for ecosystem services (PES) can curb the highly polluting practice of crop residue burning in India. Standard PES contracts pay participants after verification that they met a proenvironment condition (clearing fields without burning). We randomize paying a portion of the money up front and unconditionally to address liquidity constraints and farmer distrust, which may undermine the standard contract’s effectiveness. Incorporating partial up-front payment into the contract increases compliance by 10 percentage points, which is corroborated by satellite-based burning measurements. The cost per life saved is $3,600–$5,400. The standard PES contract has no effect on burning. (JEL D86, O13, Q12, Q15, Q18, Q53, Q58)